The Homeless and Elderly Population free essay sample

Garbage Pollution

Trash Pollution Presentation Human exercises are to a great extent credited to the loss of the planet’s biodiversity. The effect of man on the earth is so gigantic since he has encouraged the pace of species eradication a thousand to ten thousand times the ordinary rate (Derraik, 2002). The termination of marine life for example, has been quickened by squander trash and the worldwide climatic variations.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Garbage Pollution explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The twenty first century has been set apart by an emotional mechanical progression that has elevated the way of life. In any case, this has additionally accompanied an incredible expense since the materials created are hard to arrange without influencing nature. Plastic sacks, family unit trash and electronic waste are such items, which have represented an incredible hazard to the earth since the methods for arranging them is troublesome (Derraik, 2002). Postulat ion: Garbage remains are a consuming issue that we need to confront today. It is near each and every individual who lives on the planet since we item rubbish each day. In a large portion of the world, we do one of two things with our standard trash: consume it or cover it. Neither one of the ones is beneficial for us or for nature. Consuming trash in incinerators discharges perilous gases and residue which add to a worldwide temperature alteration and contaminate lakes, woodlands. Step by step instructions to decrease the trash remains become a major issue for everybody. Land Pollution Typical house hold squander contains papers, cardboards, chlorine-faded plastics, foils, food scraps and batteries (EPA, 2011). Averagely, in the U.S, a solitary individual can create 3.72 pounds trash day by day, where 40% of 50 million individuals living in the non-metropolitan district of the country are evaluated to consume their waste (lawn consuming), while 63% of the all out day by day trash is burned in consume barrels. Accordingly, more than 1.8 billion pounds of trash from family unit is burned in consume barrels yearly (MDEQ, 2005). As indicated by Hill (2010 p.345), more than ‘500 billion one-time-utilize plastic bags’ are utilized yearly on the planet and wind up being littered pervasively to involve squander/abuse. Simultaneously, plastics are non-biodegradable and covering them just wrecks the environment, representing a risk to marine biological systems. Plastics are polymeric, profoundly non-biodegradable and endure for quite a while in the common habitats (Hill, 2010). Electronic squanders/e-squander contains disposed of electronic apparatuses, for example, PCs, telephones, TV, and edges. These are dangerous when inappropriately arranged in landfills or when burned. For example, the Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) present in TVs contains phosphors and lead that debases the land and water if inappropriately arranged, or when there is move of the debris from the incinerators. Such landfills pollute the encompassing soil which thusly taints the underground water (MDEQ, 2005). Air Pollution Plastics are subsidiaries of fossils energizes with differed concoction properties consequently, entangling the reusing procedure. In this way, consuming trash especially the ones containing plastics, contaminate the climate through discharge of poisonous gases. Many have unpredictable Organic Compounds (VOC, for example, chlorine/bromine that are discharged on copying and decimate the ozone layer.Advertising Looking for investigate paper on natural examinations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Carbon dioxide and monoxide discharged from copying natural issue additionally aggregates in the air. At last, they drain the ozone layer coming about to a worldwide temperature alteration, which is the main facilitator of environmental change (MDEQ, 2005). PVC specifically, discharges dioxin after cop ying. Dioxin is a natural compound, which has impeding wellbeing impacts when breathed in since they are cancer-causing and bio-collective. Burning produces pipe gas that contains risky air poisons (HAPs, for example, carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen oxides, benzene, styrene, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), furans just as substantial metals like lead, arsenic and mercury, which fundamentally dirty nature (MDEQ, 2005). Consume barrels discharge smoke containing hydrochloric corrosive and formaldehyde, which bothers the respiratory framework and eyes. Formaldehyde is available in squeezed wood and paints. Then again, blanched papers and plastics contain chlorine, which discharges dioxins when combusted with other trash at insignificant temperatures. Dioxins cause malignant growth, resistant framework brokenness and birth surrenders (EPA, 2011). On a similar note, measurements from 2002 to 2004 demonstrates that patio and barrel consuming involved 57% of the wellspring of furans and dioxins (U.S. Division of Health, 2011; EPA, 2011). All the more in this way, combusting trash with engineered materials produces substantial metals that are cancer-causing and embroiled with some birth abandons. Combusting polystyrene polymers present in froth cups and plastic bundling produce styrene gas that can go through skin just as lungs and mucous layers to make harm the focal sensory system (U.S. Division of Health, 2011). Water Pollution Some plastics and electronic squanders proceed to breakdown into less complex poisonous items that contaminate the underground just as the running water when covered or left to litter in dumpsites. After burning of electronic squanders and plastics, the remains at long last discover their way in streams and lakes along these lines representing a risk to marine life. Mercury, dioxins, Furans and PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and along these lines, they are moved through the evolved way of life. At the point when plasti cs heap together because of poor removal, they stop up seepages and sewers prompting floods, where mosquitoes and different pathogens breed causing poor sanitation with genuine wellbeing suggestions (Derraik, 2002).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Garbage Pollution explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The debris from incinerators may contain unsafe items, which when covered or set in the landfills, debase the dirt. For the most part, they contain overwhelming metals the greater part of which are cancer-causing for example cadmium, lead mercury from batteries just as chromium and arsenic from rewarded wood. These aggregate in plants or debase ground and running water. Trash garbage moves to the seas, executing the marine life, for example, zooplankton and marine turtles. Trash disposed of in sea shores and from ships into the conduits or through angling nets could eventually be eaten by marine life, clouding their stomach related framework s. Some are choked, entrapped or caught by the flotsam and jetsam making the life forms suffocate/starve, become presented to predators or incapable to chase their prey. These are some of pernicious effects of marine trash encouraged by trash littering, which risk the presence of these creatures (Derraik, 2002). The ingested plastics likewise contain polychlorinated biphenyls that are perilous to intruder species. Besides, the marine biological systems additionally face the peril of hypoxia/anoxia, because of trash flotsam and jetsam that unevenness its typical working (Derraik, 2002). Arrangements and Recommendations The financial ramifications of trash can't be overlooked since tremendous measure of cash is spent in clearing and rewarding the litter, tending to general wellbeing concerns and reusing. Worldwide enactments and participation ought to be arranged towards moderating the earth through appropriate removal of trash, reusing of plastic and utilization of elective bundling that are biodegradable or dependable packs that can be reused severally. Also, open mindfulness ought to be upgraded through instruction of the more extensive network through the school educational plan. Universal relations encouraged by the idea of ‘Thinking comprehensively and acting locally’ essentially address the natural danger presented by waste disposal (Derraik, 2002). Trash contamination can be overseen through reusing measures or prohibiting of plastic sacks utilized in bundling. Elective ecofriendly methods for bundling ought to be drafted while high charges ought to be forced on the producer and purchasers of these plastics. Electronic waste can likewise be reused and revamped. ‘Reduce’, ‘Reuse’ and ‘Recycle’ are the 3Rs that go far in dealing with the issue of trash. Pre-cycle involves choosing things that are less bundled or those that can be reused. Reuse of old papers, plastic packs and jars, offering old garments f or a noble cause just as utilizing an espresso cup as opposed to dispensable cups is essential. Diminish, alludes to limiting the family unit trash through buying economy packs and keeping away from wastage of papers. Reusing of plastics and papers, cardboards and even e-waste ought to be maintained (U. S. Division of Health, 2011).Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on natural investigations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Biodegradable trash ought to be left to decay in a composite pit while the rest ought to be put in authorized landfills. To entirety it all, lawn consuming ought to be directed in all nations especially in the country locales since it doesn't just dirty the air yet in addition involves a critical outflow of harmful buildup that represents a high hazard to the general wellbeing and all the more in this way, decline the personal satisfaction. Consume barrels that encourage deficient burning to produce extremely poisonous mixes ought to be directed. In this way, authorized incinerators with channels and temperatures surpassing 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit to encourage total burning, ought to be grasped to limit dangerous discharges. References Derraik, J. G. (2002). The contamination of the marine condition by plastic flotsam and jetsam: a survey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(9), 842-852. Slope, M. K. (201

Everyone Is Entitled To Their Own Opinion

Everybody Is Entitled To Their Own Opinion On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations broadcasted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Following this huge demonstration the Assembly called upon all Member nations to report the content of the Declaration, read and clarified essentially in schools and other instructive organizations, without distinction dependent on the political status of nations or regions. So the inquiry, if everybody is qualified for their own conclusion could discover ease answer in the article 19, in which is expressed that Everyone has the option to opportunity of feeling and articulation; this privilege incorporates opportunity to hold suppositions without obstruction and to look for, get and confer data and thoughts through any media and paying little heed to frontiers.(David Weissbrodt and Connie de la Vega , p102) This widespread affirmation of human right set an overall standard of accomplishment for all individuals and all countries, to the end that each person and each organ of society, remembering this Declaration continually, and bend over backward by educating and energize regard for these rights and opportunities , broadly and globally, to make sure about their all inclusive and powerful acknowledgment and recognition, both among the individuals of Member States themselves and among the individuals of domain under their impact. Unquestionably the acknowledgment of equivalent and unavoidable privileges of all individuals from the human family is the supporting of opportunity, harmony and equity on the planet. We can affirm that any place, either before or in right now or future there is the nonappearance of such status we will consistently encounter consequence of primitive acts. Obviously Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan revelation Every man has an option to his own sentiment, yet no man has a privilege to not be right in his realities., will change the conclusion about assessments .So feelings can hold contradicting sees, yet those suppositions must be founded on genuine certainties, and hold explicit attributes, for example, forestall mischief to other people, keep away from wellspring of offense or be hostile and obviously staying away from moral offenses. (Tom Gorman, 2007 p.100-102) We can say that, hazardous sentiments lead to perilous activities or reality. What's more, when they do, we have to stand up and unequivocally censure those perilous activities and be incredulous of the convictions which lead to those activities. Presently once more, we are not looking at banning those hazardous suppositions and convictions, yet we are looking at being incredulous of those assessments and convictions. We could be steady to the ACLU (American Civil Liberty Union) when they secured the KKK (Ku Klux Klan) for their entitlement to walk demo calmly. Be that as it may, in the event that they needed to walk calmly in our urban areas, perhaps we would be uninvolved being disparaging of their convictions and against those perspectives. In our examination in any case, no conclusions ought to be above analysis. We trust in the commercial center of thoughts and in that bazaar all feelings and convictions are welcome and ought to be also open to analysis. We as a whole, scrutinize different people groups feelings consistently, yet nobody would contend that it was corrupt to communicate supposition or to condemn them. Nobody has a trouble censuring what Hitler did to the Jews. Nor do individuals have worry in reprimanding the KKK for their perspectives, or that Tom Cruise is continually condemned for his strict perspective thus for most of Christians, Jews and Muslims that generally are underlined with analysis for their sentiment .obviously the second anybody censures conclusion and convictions, we will have endeavor to over perform the analysis with cases of narrow mindedness as well as despise. Hints are made that their free discourse is being removed; making an unfortunate mix-up of what truly is opportunity of supposition. At that point to maintain a strategic distance from such misconstruing we ought to investigate the implication of the diverse part of supposition, to completely value the significance of a word and information and how we could make the best use out of it. We could begin doing as such by utilizing a philosophical methodology. Presently in the event that we believe that Philosophy is the quest for knowledge, we realize that sentiment and speculation are conflicting with rationale. There is no wavering in speculation, that way of thinking gives the act of logical thinking, thus the information on things and their causes, through explanation and discourse. It is a method of grasping what is truthful and what is right by concentrating on reasonable comprehension and investigation, or essentially what bodes well. So once we build up this idea we can proceed onward to the subsequent methodology, wherein , standards venture to every part of the contrary method of the primary methodology ,yet qualified to be mulled over .So we will take a gander at the outflow of feeling under scholarly perspective and, on the off chance that it ought to be voiced unreservedly by any individual . We can say that an Intelligent individual whether his assessment depends on reality or not, will have the effect. As of now, for somebody to have his supposition has the greatest effect. An informed individual has a sentiment on any issue; .and can offer a conceivable response on any inquiry. The answer doesn't need to be careful, or even exact, yet an individual must have some assessment to talk about regarding the matter. Along these lines, it isn't basic to realize the realities so as to communicate a feeling; a conclusion may even be altogether unsupported in a contention. So additionally looking at the statement of conclusion under scholarly view, we can affirm that any one is qualified for their own assessment, particularly those people with a specific social planning, since, we realize that if a supposition isn't established on exhibited and substantial data, it is unessential. Obviously we can contend that, on a certain expand, in such a case that we do think about the assessment of relativity of the feeling, we would locate an alternate imminent. In the language of relativity, everybody is exact. Potentially from their specific perspective, everybody is in the circumstance of accepting that they have precisely decided the request for occasions. In any case, we realize that it isn't feasible for everybody to be correct. For instance If everybody has an assorted feeling about which is the best old style painter ever on the planet it may not be conceivable to decide at last who is right, thus we might be enticed to state that they are both qualified for their conclusion or perspective. So entitled or not, the best painter is by assignment only one , and the assessments of everything except one admirer aren't right, despite the fact that its unrealistic to state whose sentiment is right .At this point it will be essential to look at the comprehension of valid in accepting the feeling. Everybody ought to have the autonomy to hold onto their own convictions and the opportunity to endeavor persuading others regarding reality of those convictions and conclusions. Be that as it may, as we probably am aware, not all convictions can in reality be similarly obvious. On the off chance that you accept that an artwork finished by Mr Jones is predominant than the one done by Michelangelo, or that somebody says that the late spring in Egypt is hotter than the one in Italy and we trust it is wrongly the route around , we could both not be right , however we can not both be correct. On the off chance that we accept the Mount Etna is an Active fountain of liquid magma, and you accept that it isn't, we can not both be correct. With regards to the distinction between a functioning well of lava or not, we can not say everybody is qualified for their own feeling. Tolerably, we take a gander at the evidences and realities, and attempt to diagram whose assessment is truly right. Unmistakably before communicating feeling we should analyze the conceivable proof, and not excuse the situation without taking a gander at it. So it is significant before having confidence specifically supposition the assessment of proof. Thus, attempting to see, how we could get unique in relation to the sort of individual who might overlook the proof , and still trust as he would see it. What's more, in doing so we may experience the assessment of the plausible sentiment, thoughtfully all around outlined by Bertrand Russell: What we firmly accept, in the event that it is valid, is called information, if it is either natural or backhanded (consistently or mentally) an instinctive information from which it follows intelligently. What we solidly accept, on the off chance that it isn't accurate, is called mistake. What we immovably accept, on the off chance that it is neither information nor blunder, and furthermore what we accept unsure, on the grounds that it is, or is gotten from, something which has not simply the primary degree proof, might be called likely assessment. In this way the bigger piece of what might routinely go as information is pretty much plausible supposition. A collection of independently likely assessments, on the off chance that they are commonly normal, become more plausible than any of them would be exclusi vely. It is along these lines that numerous logical speculations get their likelihood. They fit into a reasonable arrangement of likely suppositions, and in this manner become more plausible than they would be in seclusion. Something very similar applies to general philosophical speculations. Frequently in a solitary case such speculations may show up very suspicious, while yet, when we consider the request and rationality which they bring into a mass of plausible conclusion, they transform into practically certain. (Bertrand Russell, 2001 p.138-139-Probable Opinion By Bertrand Russell, Copyright 2001 (pg.138-139) Finishing up we can say that conclusions are not the issue , issues happen when individuals start utilizing sentiment to isolate and affront .Is verifiably obvious that everyone is qualified for their own feeling .It is a procedure that can nor be halted nor monitored .So the last inquiry is, Should each one be permitted to their own supposition ? The appropriate response is that it is dependent upon every person to pick in the case of voicing their supposition on a subject, is important or not. We realize that voicing conclusion in specific conditions may prompt terrifying results and on the off chance that we would do as such, we ought to be set up to manage those outcomes.

Introduction to China Free Essays

Prologue to China Topic: Experience (Likes and aversions) in China 2011/2012 Introduction I have been in China for over two years. Early encounters in China and current encounters have a great deal of contrasts. Early days I had such a large number of interesting encounters. We will compose a custom article test on Prologue to China or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now I am going to begin my paper with the most amusing encounters. Here it is. At the point when I was coming to China my companions revealed to me that when you meet Chinese individuals they will say You should answer the equivalent. At that point they will ask You should answer One day I met a Chinese person. He let me know . I answered the equivalent. At that point he asked me I answered And the person gazed at me abnormally. Around then I didn't have the foggiest idea why, however now I know. One more day I went to an eatery to have my lunch. At the point when I was returning I met somebody and he likewise welcomed me . I answered so. At that point he asked me I thought he was asking me whether I have taken my feast or not. In this way, as common I said Then he thought for some time and said â€Å"yes, yes I know where the Chifanle nation is. It is in Africa, isn’t it? † I said â€Å"No, it was in restaurant† in light of the fact that I thought he asked me where I had my lunch. It was absolutely a wreck. Still now when I recall this I burst out chuckling. My preferences about China: People in a similar circumstance can portray an item emphatically or contrarily because of contrast in recognition. In this way, what can be preferred by one might be not by another. Be that as it may, as I am solicited to give some from my preferences in china, I am giving it from my recognition. My goal is neither to hurt nor to satisfy anybody. In the event that somebody is happy to hear my preferences it is my pleasure and on the off chance that somebody is harmed I am very grieved. My preferences * I like the helping inclination of Chinese individuals. At the point when I came to china I was in a difficult situation to start with. I didn't discover anyone with whom I can talk in English and be comprehended. Be that as it may, I was truly flabbergasted that they were attempting to discover some approach to support me. I was extremely glad to see the helping inclination. * I like that China has effectively changed over its enormous populace into labor. From a monetary perspective, this is one of the significant reasons the nation have the quickest developing economy on the planet. Work here not at all like in the western world is modest combined with the accessibility of innovation. Chinese individuals are persevering in contrast with individuals in different nations. As I accept that industry is the way to progress, so I appreciate them. * I like Chinese food however the vast majority of my cohorts grumble that Chinese food is hot. Very my nation we likewise eat hot food. In this way, I have no issue with fiery food. * China’ s characteristic landscape is interesting and well known as one of the most excellent on the earth. I like the regular view of china particularly the slopes and heaps of china. I additionally visited a few places in china. It’s extremely brilliant. My Dislikes * I have not yet gotten completely used to the climate of Wuhan. Subsequent to coming here I encountered excessively hot and excessively cold however it is hard to endure. * I don't care for the manner in which Chinese young men and young ladies begin to look all starry eyed at and their incessant difference in adoration. Beginning to look all starry eyed at is divine and keeping up it is additionally same, yet many are not worried about keeping up. * Finally I don't care for the manner in which the drivers drive vehicles in China. Most drivers are foolish and won’t give people on foot opportunity to cross. I see drivers disrupting the traffic norms. Finishing up thought China has progressively ethnic gatherings and populace and has a since quite a while ago advanced history of human progress. In the event that we watch the way of life of china and that of my nation we see numerous similitudes, and numerous dissimilarities are found also. I regard all the social exercises of my nation just as China. Before coming to China I didn't know about huge numbers of the things that I referenced in my preferences about China and its way of life. As the time is passing I am assembling increasingly more experience about China and its Culture. Presently, I like China to an ever increasing extent. Instructions to refer to Introduction to China, Papers

Social Analysis. Ass 2 Example

Social Analysis. Ass 2 Example Social Analysis. Ass 2 â€" Case Study Example > OutlineIntroductionOverview of Binge drinking among the adolescenceBinge drinking in light of post-modernity theory and post-colonial theoryHow Binge drinking is represented in the media (using post-modernity and post-colonial theories)ConclusionReferencesIntroductionThere has been an increase in alcohol consumption among the youth in the recent past. The consequences of over-indulgence in alcohol especially at a young age usually results in tainted future expectations. Binge drinking at a younger age is a risky behaviour since it escalates as an individual grows to adulthood, the addiction created at a younger age manifests in the adulthood life. Some of the consequences of binge drinking includes; increased immorality, careless driving, poor memory and physical injuries among other negative consequences. The media has highlighted this concern over the last period because of the sensitivity of the issue and the need to reduce the vice in order to avoid its future consequences in the country. The media in Australia has increased its attention especially towards binge drinking in the country. This is so because of the increasing consequences of the act to the overall national development. It is therefore imperative for all stakeholders to get involved in the process of curbing binge drinking among adolescence in order to reduce its future consequences in the country. There are two social perspectives that play a pivotal role in defining the genesis of binge drinking in Australia; these social factors are post-modernity and post-colonial theories. Post modernity will try to link theories that emerge after modernization, this actually means that to some extent there has been a social departure from the effects of modernity and the way in which people operated as a result of modernization. With respect to post-colonial perspective, this theory tries to explain both social and cultural link between the society and its colonial masters. In essence, this explains the current culture of the society with respect to some aspect of its colonial master and how the society’s social and cultural orientation has been influenced. Overview of Binge drinking among the adolescenceThe media has highlighted binge drinking among the youth because of the statistical analysis that reveals that 86 per cent of students in Australia have indulged in binge drinking at an early age of 14, this figure rises to about 96 per cent as the age progresses to 17 (Jones et al. , 2009). There are Australian guidelines that provide the limits of alcohol consumption but unfortunately 22 per cent of adolescence aged 14 exceeds the limit provided by the guideline. This percentage develops and exceeds this level as the age progresses to 17; in essence the percentage doubles to 44 per cent as the age progresses. According to Bonomo et al. , (2004) adolescents are usually introduced to drinking by their parents at their homes. Most weekly drinkers at adolescence attribute th eir source of alcohol drinking to their parents. The parent’s attitudes and their modelling of alcohol consumption is usually the genesis of increased adolescents drinking in Australia. The post-colonial theory and post modernity theory also explains the reasons of increased binge drinking among the youth in light of the content being disseminated by the media.

Does Virtue Ethics Offer a Convincing Account of what it is to be Right - Free Essay Example

This essay shall discuss whether or not virtue ethics offers a convincing account of what it is to be morally right. It shall focus on Hursthouses version of virtue ethics, which shall be outlined first, and the positives of this argument: that it allows for different actions in different situations, and does not justify mass atrocities as a result. Four criticisms shall then be put against virtue ethics: that it is not action guiding; it does not explain cultural difference; it offers no guidance for virtue conflict; and that it relies on either a circularity or, at best, the argument being superfluous. With only one of these criticisms being answerable, it shall then be ultimately concluded that virtue ethics does not offer a convincing account of what it is to be right. Hursthouses argument of virtue ethics is an updated version of Aristotles original work. She claims that an action is right iff it is what a virtuous agent would characteristically do in the circumstances (Hursthouse, 1996: 646). Virtue ethics, then, makes an essential reference to the virtuous person, which Hursthouse claims is a person who acts virtuously à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ one who has and exercises the virtues (Hursthouse, 1996: 647). It is a trivial truth that a virtuous person does what is right, according to all moral theories. However, virtue ethics differs from other arguments in that it claims that an action is right in virtue of it being what the virtuous person would do. The concept of what is a virtue, then, must be established. In this, Hursthouse makes her claim to Aristotle, arguing that a virtue is a character trait a human being needs for eudaimonia, to flourish or live well (Hursthouse, 1996: 647). This links to Aristotles work The Nicomachean Ethics, in which he claims eudaimonia is living a flourishing, happy life, which he views as the ultimate end and goal of a persons life (Aristotle, 340bc). A virtue is any trait which will make an addition to this flourishing life, arguably termed the positive traits, such as kindness or charity. Here, virtue ethics demonstrates a shift from the deontic concepts of deontology and consequentialism; not claiming that an action ought or ought not to be done. Instead, there is a justification of actions in terms of areteic concepts; claiming that an action is kind or callous, for example. It can now be summarised what makes an action right according to virtue ethics. An action will be right iff it is what a virtuous agent would characteristically do in the circumstances. The virtuous agent would characteristically do the action i n the circumstances iff the trait which leads to the action is a virtue. Finally, the trait which leads to the action will be a virtue iff it would increase the eudaimonia of the agent. There are positive things to be said of Hursthouses argument for virtue ethics. Firstly, by stating an action is right iff it is what a virtuous agent would characteristically do in the circumstances, there is an allowance for variation in action dependent on the situation, which is more in line with our pragmatic moral practice. This escapes the rigidity and often counter-intuitive rules of deontology. Secondly, whilst it allows for variation in moral practice, it doesnt allow for the atrocities which consequentialism justifies as a consequence of its situational variation. This is because virtue ethics argument depends on what the virtuous person would do and, arguably, it would be said that the virtuous agent would not act in the way consequentialism argues for, by allowing mass murder or tortu re under certain extreme circumstances, for example. However, there are decisive criticisms against virtue ethics. The first criticism is that it does little to tell us exactly how to act; it is not action guiding. Virtue ethics states that we should act as the virtuous person would. This gives no other instruction than act virtuously, which perhaps can be further developed into act kindly or do not act callously. However, there is no further instruction than this, and nothing to say whether an action will be kind or just; a person is left to rely on their pre-understanding and belief. Hursthouses response to this criticism seems to be that this is all the instruction that we need. She argues: We can now see that [virtue ethics] comes up with a large number [of rules] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ each virtue generate[s] a prescription à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" act honestly, charitably, justly. (Hursthouse, 1996: 648). When acting, we need only ask ourselves is this act just? or is this act kind?, and the response to the question, being either yes or no, will dictate whether or not an act should be done or not. This response to the objection does little to answer the original concern, and leads to the second criticism. Hursthouse claims that in order to determine whether an act is just, or kind, or deceitful, a person should seek out those who they consider to be their moral and virtuous superior, and ask their advice (Hursthouse, 1996: 647-648). Not only does this rely on a preconception in measurement of virtue (in that we must have an understanding of what is just in order that we may decide which acquaintance is most just), it does little to recognise what is a second criticism for virtue ethics: the variation in morality between cultures. There is a variation in virtues for different cultures in three senses. Firstly, cultures may vary on which virtue is to take precedence in cases of virtue conflict (though this is a separate criticism in itself). In the se cond sense, cultures vary in their conception of whether a trait is, indeed, a virtue. Thirdly, cultures vary on what they believe the action would be which the virtue leads to. MacIntyre writes: They [various thinkers and cultures] offer us different and incompatible lists of the virtues; they give a different rank order of importance to different virtues; and they have different and incompatible theories of the virtues. (MacIntyre, 2007: 181). He gives the example of Homer, who claimed that physical strength was a virtue. This, MacIntyre claims, would never be accepted as a virtue in modern society and, consequently, the difference in Homers idea of a virtue or an excellence is vastly different to that of ours (MacIntyre, 1981: 27). Though this demonstrates that one trait may be accepted as a virtue by one culture and not by another, it is also highlights the third sense of cultural difference: that different cultures can accept the same trait as a virtue, but what constitut es an act being virtuous may be varied. For example, all societies believe justice to be a virtue, yet one might consider capital punishment to be just and therefore virtuous, whilst the other may hold capital punishment to be unjust and therefore not virtuous. To the defence of virtue ethics, Hursthouse claims that the problem is one which is equally shared by deontology, arguing: Each theory has to stick out its neck and say, in some cases this person/these people/other cultures are in error, and find some grounds for saying this. (Hursthouse, 1991: 229) Yet this causes concern for virtue theory. Hursthouse is here claiming that some cultures are wrong in believing that certain traits truly lead to an increase in eudaimonia, and are therefore wrong about them being virtues. This presents a circularity in reasoning for virtue ethics. Before the circularity criticism is discussed, a defence can be made of one aspect of conflict: when two virtues are in conflict, not acro ss cultures, but with one another in a situation. The third criticism is that situations are easily imagined in which two virtues can be in conflict in this manner. For instance, a police officer may apprehend a robber. On hearing the robbers story, it turns out that he stole food in order to provide for his starving children. The police officer must then decide whether to act on the virtue of justice, and arrest the robber who, despite the circumstances, has committed a crime, or to act on the virtue of sympathy and charity, and allow the robber to take the food and feed the starving children. Hursthouse claims that in such cases, virtue ethics has nothing helpful to say (Hursthouse, 1991: 229). However, a response can be contested. The degree of conflict can be very broad, dependent on the circumstances. In some situations, the correct answer is obvious; in the above case, it would be hard to justify not allowing a man a stolen loaf of bread to feed his starving children. In ot her situations, the degree of conflict can be much narrower, making the decision much more difficult. In keeping with the argument of virtue ethics, the correct decision is going to be the one which adds to eudaimonia. If both traits will lead to an increase in eudaimonia, the correct choice will be the one which adds most to eudaimonia. As the difference in the amount of increase narrows, the choice becomes harder, but the moral recompense in choosing wrongly will be less. Ultimately, if both virtues will increase eudaimonia equally, then they are equally the correct choice. However, the most decisive criticism is that the argument which virtue ethics puts forward for what is morally right rests on a circularity. This is brought forward when it was demonstrated that virtue ethics necessitates the existence of some other criterion being the case in order that it can be said some cultures are right and others wrong in their approach to the implementation of virtues and what it is that they hold to be a virtue. If virtue ethics is to explain why some cultures are wrong in their implementation of the virtues, then their argument must work as follows: a culture is wrong because what they are advocating as right would not be done by the virtuous person. It would not be done by the virtuous person because the trait which leads to the action is not a virtue. The trait which leads to the action is not a virtue because it would not add to the persons eudaimonia. The reason, then, that a culture is wrong, is because they are mistaken in assuming that the trait which would lead to the action is a virtue, because it will not add to the persons eudaimonia. It must therefore be considered what it takes for a trait to lead to an increase in eudaimonia. To this end, it must be claimed that a trait can only add to eudaimonia, and therefore be a virtue, because of something about the trait: if it is morally right. Herein is the circularity. Virtue ethics states that an action is right iff it is what the virtuous person would characteristically do in the situation. However, it has already been shown that there must be something about a trait which is morally right in order that it can add to eudaimonia and therefore be a virtue, so that the virtuous person may act on it. To avoid the circularity, for a trait to be morally right, there must be a criterion of rightness other than it is what the virtuous person would characteristically do in the situation. If such a criterion exists, virtue ethics argument becomes superfluous to explain what is right. In conclusion, the argument for virtue ethics account of what it is for an action to be right has been set forward. Firstly, the positives to this argument were shown: that it avoids the rigidity of deontology and the atrocities of consequentialism. It was then criticised with four arguments: it is not action guiding; the difference in cultures morality; concerns when two or more virtues come into co nflict; and the necessity for another criterion of rightness which, if accepted, renders virtue ethics unnecessary or, if rejected, leads to a circularity in virtue ethics. Therefore, it is concluded that virtue ethics does not offer a convincing account of what it is for an action to be right. Reference List Aristotle. (340bc). The Nichomachean Ethics. Translated by Ross, D. Edited by Brown, L. (2009). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hursthouse, R. (1991). Virtue Theory and Abortion. In Philosophy and Public Affairs. Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 223-246. Hursthouse, R. (1996). Normative Virtue Ethics. In Ethical Theory: An Anthology. Edited by Shafer-Landau, R. (2013). Chichester: John Wiley Sons, pp. 645-652. MacIntyre, A. (1981). The Nature of the Virtues. In The Hastings Centre Report. Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 27-34. MacIntyre, A. (2007). After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. 3rd edition. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

Elements of Religion and Alternative paths Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Now, it may be quite suitable to turn to the analysis of the â€Å"new religion†. The one that will be analyzed is called Wicca and Druidism. Speaking of the elements that can be identified in it, one should point out the rituals. Indeed, when it comes to understanding these spiritual systems, one can not overestimate the significance of rituals (Sabrina, 2001, 96). For example, Wiccan rituals involve feasting which engaged people in a large number of activities through which the religion knowledge is passed. As one can clearly see, the notion of community is also extremely important for Wicca and Druidism (Drew, 2003, 230). Just like any other religious system it may experience some opposition for the public; so, the gatherings of the adepts primarily serve to reinforce the position of it in the social environment. For example, if one would like to gain a true experience of Wicca, one would have to visit the above mentioned feasts since this would be the only way to see the religious belief in question being practiced so explicitly. Finally, the material expression of religion is also quite important, especially when it comes to practicing one that has been a subject of criticism from the point of view of the religion that is dominant in the social environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Religion and Alternative paths or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Nevertheless, one should also point out that some of the elements that are characteristic to religions are not fully present. It is obvious that one can not say that they are totally absent; however, the approach towards them is different if compared to the traditional religions. For example, in Wicca and Druidism, the idea of sacred has been re-evaluated.

Top 30 Liberal Arts Colleges in the U.S.

Health Promotion Is Severely Needed For Everyone - 2230 Words

Opening Statement Health promotion seems to be a thing of the past as more and more health care providers have their sights set on treatment instead of preventative strategies. However, health promotion is severely needed for everyone, but most especially individuals with intellectual disabilities and special needs. This demographic of individuals comes with their own set of needs and barriers, and are often at a higher predisposition for higher rates of illness; yet they deserve and have the same rights to effective illness prevention and health care as anyone else. What is health? In order to be able to advocate for the promotion of better health awareness in individuals with intellectual disabilities and special needs, it is imperative to understand that health does not just mean a person is not ill. Health can be described as, â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (McManus, 2013). It is beneficial to think of desired health in terms of the biopsychosocial model. Proposed in the 1970s, George Engel made his proposal for the biopsychosocial model (Straub, 2014). This belief states that all aspects of health are reliant upon three factors: psychological factors, physiological factors, and social factors. Especially in these demographic of individuals, it is best practice to look at all aspects of an individual’s to examine it for quality in each three categories of the biopsychosocial model. What isShow MoreRelatedImplementing Bullying Awareness Programs: A Bright Change for the Future1740 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves to hurt, and bring down others, which is not justification whatsoever. It is hurtful, and spiteful. Regardless of your personal feelings about someone, bullying is never okay- it creates an intimidating school environment that affects everyone (Matthews). Further, schools face a difficult situation when handling such bullys. 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Depression And The Social Group - 2152 Words

This report will focus on depression in adult women. The purpose of this report is to look into the different factors which cause depression and also why this mental health issue is much more common in women than men. Stressful life events, such as losing a loved one, difficult relationships, extra work and home responsibilities can all trigger depression, (National Institute of Mental Health, 2009). The report will use quantitative data in relation to prevalence and also discuss how women treat their depression and what treatments they go through. Contents Page Page Title Page 1 Abstract†¦show more content†¦According to Mentalhealthfoundation (2014) Depression is different from feeling down and upset. Everyone has a time in their life when their unhappy because of a stressful event or circumstance but in depression an individual will experience intense feelings of anxiety, feeling hopeless, negativity and helplessness. Depression can affect any one and at any age. One of the leading causes of disease related disability among woman in the world is depression. According to Kessler(2003) Depression is much more common in women than it is in men. Kessler(2003) also puts emphasis on that the difference between men and women emerges in puberty and experiences that affect the sex hormones such as menopause, pregnancy, and using oral contraceptives do not significantly have a major influence in depression but instead the key to understanding the higher rates of depression in women than men is to look into the effects of biological vulnerabilities and environmental experiences. However Noble(2005) states that the prevalence of depression in women is 21.3% and 12.7% in men , and one of the factors that contribute to the rate being higher in women is pregnancy. Noble (2005) also states other factors that contribute to the high rates of depression in women are single parents, Menopause, divorce, Discussion Twice as many women in the UK are diagnosed with depression as men every year (Bener et

Importance of Healthcare Systems

Question: Explain how your newfound insight will influence your nursing care. Answer: Introduction A health care information system is a system that collects, stores and transmits information related to the health of patients and activities of organizations within the health sector. This includes district level routine information systems, laboratory information systems, disease surveillance systems, human resource management, and hospital management patient administration systems (Pai Huang, 2011, p. 655). In the health care system, sound decision making is important since lives of people depend on them. This decision making mostly depends on data collected and analyzed by the information systems. Therefore, they are very important in health care provision. This topic is therefore very important in understanding the importance of health-care systems in the management and running of the health-care sector. When studied in details, it can show how crucial they are and how they can be improved. Importance of Healthcare Systems As discussed in the introduction, health-care systems are very important in decision making in the health-care sector. The data collected is analyzed to give a clear picture of the status of the health care sector (Cleverley, Song, Cleverley, 2010, p. 2). If the health information system is efficient, it can provide a proper guide for resource allocation. Resources will only be allocated to areas and sectors that have an urgent need, which can be analyzed from the information system. Resources will only be allocated where they are required. This reduces wastages, and encourages efficient resource use. The collected data can be useful in improving the quality of the health-care sector: this includes service delivery and management of the sector. Health-care systems are very important in providing a good picture on the status of the sector. It provides a platform for identifying areas that are not good and need to be improved; without this platforms, it would be difficult to identify which areas need improvement (Quality Medicine, 1999, p. 10). The information systems can also be used to measure staffing needs in the health-care sector. Since data has been collected by the system, it can be used to analyze the need to increase or reduce staff members in different departments to enhance efficiency in service delivery. This also saves on expenditure on salary and wages, by only hiring the number of staff required and reducing over-staffing (Matcha, 2003, p. 159). All these advantages enhance the delivery of services in the health-care sector especially in nursing. Nurses collect data about their patients, and this data enables them to be able to track and follow-up on a patients progress towards recovery from an illness. Examples of health-care information systems One of the health-care information systems in nursing is the Electronic Health Record (EHR). It is used for enhancing patient safety, evaluating the quality of health-care services, measuring staffing needs, and maximizing efficiency. This system is very vital in the provision of health services (Amatayakul Lazarus, 2005, p. 1). This system enable nurses to record patients data and track their health records providing a means for individual service delivery for each of the patients. For each of the patients, data is collected and recorded, and their historical health record can be stored for future analysis and research (Amatayakul Lazarus, 2005, p. 3). However, nurses have indicated dissatisfaction with the system. They claim its design is cumbersome and the electronic system involved for collecting data is not user friendly. This means that in order for nurses to support the system it must be improved to be more user-friendly (Harrington Newman, 2011, p. 71). Another is North American Nursing Diagnostic Association (NANDA). This associations was founded in 1982, and its main functions are research, disseminating and refining the nomenclature, criteria and taxonomy of diagnoses (International, 2014, p. 3). This association is very important in the collection of nursing information and practices. It encourages research work on nursing and health-care, and disseminates this information to enhance nursing service provision. They communicate the nursing diagnosis and decisions to patients and other nurses. This dissemination of information about the nursing practices enhances service delivery (International, 2014, p. 3). Conclusion In conclusion, health-care information systems are very crucial in the health sector. They are the means by which health data is collected, analyzed and disseminating to various stakeholders. This information is very essential in the improvement of health-care services. With technological advances, health-care information systems are bound to become more efficient and improved, and this will have a positive impact in the health care sector. The new found insight into health-care information systems, will help me understand the importance of a data collection and sharing in the improvement of nursing care services. References Amatayakul, M. K., Lazarus, S. S. (2005). Electronic Health Records: Transforming Your Medical Practice. Medical Group Management Assn. Cleverley, W. O., Song, P. H., Cleverley, J. O. (2010). Essentials of Health Care Finance. Jones Bartlett Learning. Harrington, J., Newman, E. D. (2011). Great Health Care: Making It Happen. Springer Science Business Media. International, N. (2014). Nursing Diagnoses 2012-14: Definitions and Classification. John Wiley Sons. Matcha, D. A. (2003). Health Care Systems of the Developed World: How the United States System Remains an Outlier. Greenwood Publishing Group. Pai, F.-Y., Huang, K.-I. (2011). Applying the technology acceptance model to the introduction of healthcare information systems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(4), 650660. Quality, T. N. R. on H. C., Medicine, I. of. (1999). Measuring the Quality of Health Care. National Academies Press.

Principles of Catholic Thought for Human Dignity- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about thePrinciples of Catholic Thought for Human Dignity. Answer: The Catholic Social Thought is perceived as a set of doctrines that are concerned with the society's common good as well as human dignity. The CST thus comprises nine fundamental principles. These principles draw from various sources including papal documents, Bishops' statements in conferences, and conciliar documents (Australia Catholic Social Justice Council, 2016). These documents are well understood by paying attention to the emphasis on the principles on lives and works of Christians as well as the scriptures. The development of the CST continues up to date not only in practice but also a theory. Fundamentally, the principles of CST stand as independent principles but are intrinsically related. In this sense, therefore, the primary role of this paper is to discuss the nine principles of the Catholic Social Thought. The paper will also explain the concepts, self, and community, and also show how they relate. Despite the increase in avariciousness and disregard for human dignity, the CST strongly supports human dignity. Hence, the principle of the dignity of human person connotes that all human beings have intrinsic dignity and natural inviolable human rights (FTPbroadcasts, 2013a). In other words, every human being is entitled to some rights by virtue of being human (Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis, 2016). For this reason, it is expected that all people value and uphold rights and self-respect of others. It is so because the dishonor of human dignity/ self-respect of a human person lead to the decrease of the dignity of humanity (FTPbroadcasts, 2013a). According to the Catholic Church, human life is sacred hence the dignity of the person is an expression that there is morality in the society (Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis, 2016). Moreover, the belief in the sacredness of human life and the innate dignity is the foundation for the principles of the catholic social teaching. Another principle that also supports human dignity is the community and the common good principle. The principle agrees that a person has dignity and is sacred as well as social (Center of Concern, 2008). Consequently, a person has various needs including emotional, physiological, social and emotional. Every person in the community possesses these common needs. As a result, there is the need to examine how the economics, politics, policies or law are organized in the community. According to the Center of Concern (2008) whatever changes take place in the community affects every individual. Therefore, government and other institutions have a responsibility of advocating and facilitating human dignity and common good for the community. The CST also comprises the principle that gives an option for the poor and vulnerable. Todays community is defined by the big gap between the have and the have nots.. However, this principle is centered on promoting Christian charity towards CST (Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis, 2016). Poverty, in this case, is perceived as a major setback that impedes human prosperity. The principle according to the Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis (2016) tackles the problem of poverty by prioritizing on those options that benefit the vulnerable. Notably, even as the principle advocates on helping the impoverished, the community benefits wholesomely. Another equally important principle is the principle of subsidiarity. Subsidiarity principle examines the social difference created by the decision makers while making decisions and those that are likely to be affected by those decisions (BlogactivTV, 2010). The principle supports that it is critical to ensure that the perso ns affected by the decisions also take place in the decision-making process. The participation also allows communities and individual persons in managing their affairs thereby preventing or resting external influence (BlogactivTV, 2010). The act of participating in the cultural, political, and economic activities of the community is a requirement for human dignity as well as the demand for justice. The universal purpose of goods is another CST principle which is in support of the accessibility to possessions/goods and resources by all people. According to this principle, the goods and materials in the world should be used for human prosperity. Again, the principle supports the notion that there should be the fortification of the dignity of work. The protection of the dignity of work is similar to the reverence of the workers' elementary rights. These are rights such as entitlement to better wages, ownership of private property, productive work, and right to compose and join unions. Furthermore, the principle of the stewardship of creation connotes the importance of people caring for God's creation (FTPbroadcasts, 2013b). One of the Catholic traditions maintains that people show respect to God through caring for the creation (FTPbroadcasts, 2013b). Maintain a healthy environment also play a significant role in ensuring that people living in the world prosper. Catholic Church in its social teachings underpins the need for promotion of peace which is also one of the CST principles. Peace, according to this principle is founded on the dedication to common good, justice and human dignity (Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, 2004). Hence, interference with these foundations results in interference with peace. Peace as understood and as echoed by Pope John Paul II is not the absence of war. Peace entails respect and development of confidence not only among people but also nations. It also involves collaboration and binding of agreements. Similarly, human dignity is also enhanced through the practice of global solidarity (Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, 2004). The principle of global solidarity borrows from the biblical notion that people should be their brother's and sister's keeper. Therefore, the principle underlies the need for personal responsibility towards each other regardless of one's race, background, religion or cultur e. The Interrelatedness Between Self and Community In its totality, the CST provides a common ground on which the self and community are interlinked. The interrelated between the two, as will be demonstrated below, depict how one cannot do without the other. Human beings are intrinsically social (Australia Catholic Social Justice Council, 2016). Consequently, the survival of each person within the community is dependent on others (Boudreau, 2012). Similarly, a community does not exist in the absence of the self. The person lives and acts within the society. Conversely, the community must exist to serve the self. The central theme of flourishing plays a primary role in exemplifying how the self and community are interrelated. The relationships that the self develops throughout the life are essential determinants of the nature of humanness. The absence of these relationships diminishes the aspect of humanity thereby inhibiting flourishing. Humanness is also defined through the connection that the self forms with the community (Australi a Catholic Social Justice Council, 2016). Therefore, the correlation between the self and community is based on mutual flourishing. The two are dependent on each other in the sense that when the self flourishes, the community also flourishes. The vice versa also happens. In other words, when the self fails to prosper, the community faces a similar fate. The self is said to flourish when it successfully achieves the physiological, emotional, social, and psychological needs are met (CAFOD, 2010). The flourishing therefore is the source of happiness for human (CAFOD, 2010). Moreover, when human achieves happiness the community also enjoys the same. In conclusion, it is evident that the principles of the Catholic Social Thought are primary in ensuring that human dignity is upheld. These principles, despite their composition in about a hundred years ago remain relevant in the modern day. Additionally, the CST principles help in the structuring, reinforcement as well as fostering the relationship between persons and their community. Principally, the established mutual relationship between the two increases both human and community flourishing. It is also important to note the significance of each principle and the role it plays in the community. Notably, no principle is superior to the other. Each principle is as important as the other. Despite playing a distinct role, the principles relate to each other. The Catholic Social Though thus seeks to demonstrate how the self relates to the community. The emphasis, in this case, is that the self and community are naturally interrelated such that when one entity is affected the other is also affected. References Australia Catholic Social Justice Council. (2016). Catholic Social Teaching. Accessed onSeptember 5th 2017 from https://www.socialjustice.catholic.org.au/socialteaching BlogactivTV. (2010, June 16).What is subsidiarity and why is it important? [Video File].Accessed on September 5th 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFWKUzHO2UEfeature=youtu.be Boudreau, J. (2012). Ubuntu" I am what I am because of who we all are". Accessed on September 5th 2017 from https://www.motivationinspirationandlife.wordpress.com CAFOD. (2010). Headline findings from a survey of the public conducted on behalf of CAFOD, Theos and Tearfund. Accessed on September 5th 2017 from https://www.catholicsocialteaching.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/CAFOD-Theos-Topline-Findings_Oct-2010-3.pdf Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis. (2016). Catholic social teaching. Accessed onSeptember 5th 2017 from https://www.cctwincities.org Center of Concern. (2008). The principle of the common good. Accessed on September 5th 2017 from www.coc.org/files/principle.pdf FTPbroadcasts. (2013a, June 26).UNCC Dignity of the human person [Video file]. Accessed on September 5th 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8zjSGTYq14 FTPbroadcasts. (2013b, June 25). UNCC100 Stewardship of creation [Video File]. Accessed on September 5th 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5w0FK4cTM2I Pontifical Council For Justice And Peace. (2004) Compendium of the social doctrine of the church. Accessed on September 5th 2017 from https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/justpeace/documents/rc_pc_justpeace_doc_20060526_compendiodottsoc_en.html#Origin and meaning

Microsoft Vs. Doj Essays - Netscape, AOL, Internet Suites

Microsoft Vs. Doj Microsoft vs. DOJ Arguments of the DoJ (the white paper) 1. Microsoft and it?s Monopoly Power MS monopoly power is in personal computer operating systems. A PC operating system as you all know controls the interaction of the different parts of the computer. It creates files, organizes the computer?s memory and creates a platform for applications. The operating system is indispensible to the computer for this reason. Maybe that changes as technology evolves but right now a computer without an OS is nothing but a box of inert hardware. MS today ships 97% of PC OS that are installed by computer manufacturers. Case law defines monopoly as beginning at about a 70% share of the market. But this alone isn?t illegal in respect to superior products, service or mere luck. Nor does market share alone necessarily imply monopoly power. For example a manufacturer might make 100% of knickers on the market. But if there are other pants manufacturers who are able to turn their production into knickers, the one and only knickers producer wouldn?t be able to charge more than a competitive price or exclude rivals from his market. Speaking of this little example it?s now clear what monopoly power means: it is the power to control prices and exclude competition. MS has and still exercises, both form of monopoly power. It charges above competitive prices and use tactics that eliminate rivals. And not because MS are superior to others and more beneficial to the consumers. No, not at all, MS uses predatory tactics whose sole purpose is to destroy it?s rivals. MS often has denied that it posesses monopoly power but their arguments are quite feeble. A MS spokesman stated that the market is highly dynamic and that there are only low barriers to enter the market, especially for fringe firms. But this is untrue for the means of competition. There might be a lot of new technology but the barriers MS deliberately put up made it impossible for new market entry. The result is that MS can charge higher than competitive prices without a loss of market share. Another argument of MS is that it?s monopoly power is defeated by ist need to compete against it?s own installed base meaning that MS has eg now to compete against win 95. But this is another partly untrue argument because most consumers think of a new OS only when they want to buy a new computer and replace their old one. With that consumers expect that the replacement will come with an installed operating system. Therefore competition among operating systems, if it were allowed to exist, would be competition to have computer manufacturers install operating systems on a new machine. 2. MS employs exclusionary tactics to maintain it?s monopoly MS exclusionary war proceeds along two lines. First it has built it?s browser, the IE, into it?s Win OS and will not allow computer manufacturers to remove it. Second, MS employs a complex web of restrictive agreements designed to block the entry or growth of rivals. To say something about the history. The Browser War Netscape produced the first browser, the NN, which made searching the internet practicable for the average computer user. Thus the Navigator posed a serious threat to MS monopoly because NN created the possibility of a system that would bypass the Windows OS. Meaning that a browser with a large number of users can become an alternative platform by combining it with eg. Sun Microsystems programming language Java. Together Netscape and Java could reduce Windows to just one OS among several others. Microsoft recognizes the danger at once: Netscape/Java is using the browser to create a virtual OS and that a competing browser could eventually obsolete Windows. Naturally MS didn?t like the idea and counterattacked. It developed ist own browser the Internet Explorer. When the IE failed to push the Navigator out of the market MS joined it?s browser to the OS, first with win95 and now in win 98 so that computer manufacturers are forced to take both in one package. MS makes no extra charge for the browser, pricing it at zero, thus selling it below cost. A MS spokesman even stated that if they were forced to offer ist OS and its IE as seperate products, the company would still charge

Sample Essay in MLA TH Edition

Sample Essay in MLA TH EditionThe Sample Essay in MLA TH Edition by John H. Pond is the ideal resource for those who are looking to create a quality essay on various topics and to answer the multiple-choice questions on each essay. This resource guide is an impressive collection of twenty-six questions that cover a variety of topics.Students who wish to put their essays together will find this guide extremely helpful, as it is specifically designed to be easy to read and easy to understand. Questions are simple enough to understand, and they do not require students to do a great deal of research. The questions have a logical flow, but there is not a lot of repetition.While the questions are simple, the format of the College Essay in MLA TH Edition is quite unique, as most college essay samples are too long. In fact, there are only six questions in the guide that do not require students to write a couple of paragraphs. The Guide does this by having longer questions split between sever al paragraphs.Of course, the questions found in this resource guide should not be taken as gospel, as many other resources will state that the essay is simply to get students to write essays. In fact, writing an essay is a completely different process than writing a test. Thus, the guide is meant to be a good guide and to get students to write on important topics, instead of just sit down and write anything.When students are able to write essays, they tend to learn a great deal about what they are writing about. Since they are trying to learn more about the topic, they will be less likely to plagiarize if they use this resource guide. That is because they will have learned much more about the topic in their essays.College Essay in MLA TH Edition is also helpful because it helps students to develop their own ideas. This is one of the reasons that teachers love to give out this guide; it allows students to use their own ideas and develop them further. In addition, students will be abl e to use this guide to help them develop their own style, rather than simply following the prompts from the guide.Finally, students will find that using this guide makes their writing more interesting and enjoyable. They will be able to express themselves with ease and will be able to speak freely about subjects that they might otherwise shy away from.Those who are looking for an easy to use guide to help them write their College Essay in MLA TH Edition will find this resource highly recommended. This guide is easy to read and easy to understand, making it a great addition to any teacher's bag. In addition, it is also available at a discounted price!

Gay Marriages essays

Gay Marriages essays Marriage has developed a nationwide controversy about the union between two men or two women. Gay marriage has been a controversial issue for some time now. There are more people that oppose it, than there are that favor it. The government has made it clear that they fall under those who oppose gay marriages. An amendment is about to be added to the Constitution to prohibit gay marriages. Is it legal to ban a belief that has been around for quite some time now? The main issue in the selection is gay marriage and equal treatment under the law. It seems as though the government is focusing more on the happiness of certain people rather than on whether or not people are being treated equally. The authors view is that church and state should not get tangled in the gay marriage issue. Church means religion and state means government; isnt there something in Constitution that says that the government cannot in any way, shape, or form interfere with religion. The author argues that marriage is far from a private religious matter. The law has somewhat of an influence in marriages by giving marriage licenses, transferring property from one spouse to another, and allowing other legal benefits to continue. Marriage does not only include going to a church, saying your vows, and then kissing, but also having to deal with some legal issues. I agree with the position the author is taking. I believe that there has been way too much focus on gay marriages, and not enough on equal treatment. So what if two men or two women want to get married. If it makes them happy, let it be. I do not understand why it bothers so many people, if it is not them why do they worry so much? I understand that not everyone has the same religious beliefs, but the law cannot interfere whatsoever with religion. There are two clauses in the Bill of Rights that protects all religions in the United States. The Establishment Clause says that the govern...

About the Giant Antaeus in Mythology

About the Giant Antaeus in Mythology Antaeus, son of Gaia and Poseidon, was a Libyan giant whose strength appeared invincible. He challenged all passers-by to a wrestling match that he invariably won. Upon winning, he slaughtered his adversaries. That is until he met Hercules. Antaeus Challenges Hercules Hercules had gone to the garden of the Hesperides for an apple. (The Hesperides, daughters of Night or the Titan Atlas, took care of the garden.) On Hercules way back, the giant Antaeus challenged the hero to a wrestling match. No matter how many times Hercules threw Antaeus off and tossed him to the ground, it did no good. If anything, the giant appeared rejuvenated from the encounter. The Strength of Antaeus From His Mother Gaia Hercules eventually realized that Gaia, the Earth, Antaeus mother, was the source of his strength, so Hercules held the giant aloft until all his power had drained away. After he killed Antaeus, Hercules proceeded safely back to his taskmaster, King Eurystheus. Incidentally, the modern American hero and demigod Percy Jackson, in the eponymous series, written by Rick Riordan, also defeats Antaeus by suspending him above the earth. Ancient Sources for Antaeus   Some ancient writers who mention Antaeus are Pindar, Apollodorus, and Quintus Ancient Sources for Antaeus  Smyrnus.

Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Questions - Essay Example rom varied functional disciplines and development processes of a product for team tasks without necessarily removing them from positions of operations. Contrary to most organizational structures, matrix management utilizes both product and functional departments to establish a dual authority system. Matrix method segments authority into two, both of project and of functional areas. Each employee is answerable to two supervisors. The first supervisor is a functional one who oversees the workers related to a particular area of function. The second supervisor must be overseeing either a specific or a temporary project. Matrix organization structure has various advantages to the organization. Sharing of experts and equipment across projects of the organization gives room for efficient use of resources. Secondly, it allows formal coordination of projects and products across all the functional departments. In addition, sharing of information is efficient because employees meet and interact with many people, enhancing speedy decision processes. Furthermore, employees enjoy motivation and self-esteem due to autonomy and self-management opportunities that matrix organization presents to them. However, matrix organization also has a few limitations that may at times make it unpopular (Gido and Clements 448). The matrix structure method poses tough forms of organization alongside complexities of its structures. It also creates tough battles and conflicts between departments since they share resources. Consequently, the management of the organization may fail to establish accountability on its resources. In such circumstances, there is easy measurement of employees’ performance leading to increased accountability. Secondly, divisional organization leads to project departmentalization hence leading to the expansion of the company. In circumstances where divisional side is subordinate to the functional side, there is an achievement of efficient labor specialization, which

Storm of Steel by Ernst Junger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Storm of Steel by Ernst Junger - Essay Example However, what could have been the most significant change in European warfare in those times? Junger’s accounts are extremely straight forward and he makes no effort in downplaying the extremity of the situation; â€Å"Bloody scraps of cloth and flesh had been left on bushes around the crater – a strange and dreadful sight that that put me in mind of the butcher – bird that spikes its prey on bushes.† (Page 23) One can easily notice the fact that the book involves a lot of manual work when it came to fighting. Shelling, that is tear gas was a common way of making the enemy retreat. It can be stated that there was minimal use of technology, the biggest one being guns and bullets. Even though the Industrial Revolution took place in the 18th century, it had a rather late impact on the European warfare. There was little or less impact in World War I for them, however, towards the 20th century and when World War II took place, some big changes were observed. Nu clear powers came into being when the world witnessed the bombings of 1945. The storm of steel clearly gives away tactics of that time. It is quite obvious that only the general who is the head of a particular army made plans and the rest of them just followed or executed it. However, this single minded approach is not very useful if we pay a little attention. In the late 19th century, people started believing that the risk or fate of an entire nation in a war could not be left upon one person’s hand; hence the general started being advised when it came to making plans regarding battles. Also till World War I generals would be present in the scene of action. This routine was changed when strategies were allotted into categories which were separated geographically. This meant that at no single time, the strategies could be gone into the hands of the enemy at once. These accounts of Junger can be easily used to analyze the European tactics and warfare in those days. In the very beginning of the book, Junger introduces the reader to the introduction he got when he was fist deployed, a place called Champagne. As soon as the soldiers reached their place, they were attacked with what Junger describes as â€Å"curious fluttering and whooshing sound†¦followed by a sudden violent explosion† (Page 6). The attack was also made by shelling which has been frequently in the past and remains to be commonly used today as well. As the book moves forward, we learn the use of trenches. Trenches play a significant part in the book, as it is a great defensive strategy. World War I has played a significant role in developing the European countries in matter of tactics and warfare. The biggest change that one saw in the warfare was the decrease in the usage of trenches. They were greatly used in the World War I as per the narrations of Ernst Jugner, but just as the world has witnessed a revolution in every aspect of life, technological advancements also came and s wept everyone off their feet. Trenches required hard work and a lot of labor, also, with the new machines and equipment, crossing trenches became no problem at all. As a result, when the trenches stopped providing the basic need of security and shield, they were stopped being used as a whole. After World War I, there was a rather definite change in European warfare. In terms of

Geography’s Impact on Culture and Society Essay -- Geography

Geography’s Impact on Culture and Society When studying ancient civilizations and the beginning societies in the world, the geography has shaped its story significantly. Depending on the location of the civilization society, whether or not water was nearby was crucial for its survival. With trade networks, metals, foods, and languages were spread. Weapons were able to be formed from these metals which led to a stronger military. Mountain ranges formed the boundaries of civilizations. Geography greatly impacted Asia, Africa and Europe. Asia Asia is â€Å"the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres†. Its land mass covers almost 9% of the Earth's surface area, 30% of its land area and it holds nearly 60% of the world's current human population . Most of central Asia is covered by cold steppes. Dictionary.com describes a steppe as â€Å"an extensive plain, especially one without trees† , consisting mainly of grasslands and considered to be a land that is â€Å"too dry to support a forest, but not dry enough to be a desert† . The coastal border of Asia was inhabited by some of the world's earliest known civilizations that developed around fertile river valleys. These people â€Å"may well have exchanged technologies and ideas such as mathematics and the wheel with one another†1. The central steppe region had long been inhabited by nomads who could reach all areas of Asia from the steppes on horseback. The northernmost part of Asia, which includes much of Siberia, was largely inaccessible to these steppe nomads, due to the dense forests, climate and tundra. These areas remained very sparsely populated due to the geography of the land that made living conditions difficult.1 The center a... ... other surrounding Mediterranean lands, helping conquer new territories and further developing trade routes. â€Æ' Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/steppe?s=t http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppes Traditions and Encounters 26 Traditions and Encounters 33 Traditions and Encounters 88 Traditions and Encounters 89 Traditions and Encounters 102,103 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India Traditions and Encounters 310 Traditions and Encounters 310 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Traditions and Encounters 52 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile Traditions and Encounters 58 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Greece http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens Traditions and Encounters 193

Malthus and Boserup Population Theory

MALTHUS AND BOSERUP The world population is the total number of living humans on the planet Earth. Recently the world has just hit over 7 billion people. It is expected that if the worlds population continues to increase at the rate it is doing now, then we will become overpopulated. Overpopulation is where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. There are various views on this population crisis and throughout this essay I will describe theses views. Thomas Malthus was a pessimist , his theory is that the growth of human populations always tends to outstrip the productive capabilities of land resources.The result is that resources place a restriction on population growth and size and ‘positive’ checks (famine and disease) or preventative checks (limitation of family size) work to reduce population growth. Writing before the agricultural revolution, Malthus presumed that the productivity of resources were permanent because agricultural technolog y was largely fixed. From a Malthusian perspective, technology and environment (considered in terms of land resources) are therefore seen as independent variables that work together to determine the dependant variable of population, which he sees mainly in terms of population growth and size.According to him, human society could never be perfected. He believed that man is a lazy animal, who would lead a satisfied life and procreate as long as his family was well fed. However, as soon as human population would feel constraints in food supply due to increase in population, he would again work hard to provide enough for his family. This might lead to an increase in agricultural production to provide for all, but at the same time man would be back to his complacent stage, where all his needs would be fulfilled. This would start the cycle of overpopulation and food shortage, all over again.Having been a clergy, Malthus validated his theory on moral grounds that suffering was a way of mak ing human beings realize the virtues of hard work and moral behavior. Such kind of suffering due to overpopulation and food supply was inevitable. Malthus' theory had great influence on both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace, who are the co-founders of the modern evolutionary theory. By the end of the 19th Century, when living standards improved and birth rates dropped in the Western countries, concerns of overpopulation became irrelevant.However, in underdeveloped countries which have agrarian economies, Malthus' theory often finds credibility. On the other hand, Ester Boserup was an optimist. Her theory focuses on the relationships between three factors; population, environment and technology. Her concept of ‘population’ in contrast to Malthus, encompasses population density as well as population size and growth. Ester Boserup stated that an increase in population would stimulate technologists to increase food production.As Boserup said any rise in population would in crease demand for food and this would act as an incentive to change agrarian technology and produce more food. Therefore population growth will inspire innovators who will solve the problem s the increasing population has caused therefore making it sustainable for a growing population. Even though they are two opposing theories they do have some similarities. They are both based on ‘closed’ communities which at a global scale is not true. They are similar by the way they both agree that an rise in population will increase demand for food.However they completely differ on what the consequences will be. As Malthus says increased demand for food will eventually cause food production to decrease due to the law of diminishing returns. As Boserup has a completely opposing view that increased population would increase food production. We have to remember that Malthus wrote his essay in 1798 before the agriculture revolution therefore he excluded technology from his theory ther efore making it slightly inaccurate. As Boserup wrote her theory in 1968 and has seen the effect technology can have crop yield therefore the two theories contrast.Also Mathus and Boserup disagree on the outcomes of increased population as Malthus stated that population cant increase above the food supplies otherwise positive checks would occur. Malthus talks about controlling a population by preventative checks and how the population must be kept below the crisis point otherwise these positive checks will occur. In contrast Boserup does the opposite and stated that famine and war will be prevented by human solutions. Therefore the two theories have different answers as to how to make a sustainable population which will survive in food resources.I personally agree with Malthus and believe that the power of population is much greater than the power of the earth to provide subsistence for man although Boserup states that an increase in population would stimulate technologists to incre ase food production etc. There is only a limit of resources available that can be used and the use of new technology and manufacturing is a massive contributor to the green house effect. Also we cannot rely on an increases in population to stimulate people to find new ways so that we can live sustainably.Some people may argue that ‘positive checks’ are meant to happen. I don’t believe in parts of this theory however if we can reduce the population to a sustainable level then these positive checks will not have to take place. We can reduce positive checks by encouraging people to have fewer children however this has been taken a bit too far in some areas, for example – Chinas One Child Policy. Although this was a massive success in reducing the population, there are also problems that China is now faced with including gender imbalance (for every 6 males there are 5 females) and an ageing population.

The Virtues And Vices Of The Schools - 1162 Words

Evan Arends Philosophy essay 1) School Learning What are some of the virtues and vices of the schools? Why does Descartes decide to leave school as soon as he can? What does he hope to gain by doing so? What are the results? Try to integrate some of your own thoughts about the goods and bads of school as well as any insights you might have about what it means to be human and the task of education. The task of education is split up into different kinds of education. The task of basic education such as modern elementary school through high school is to teach students the basics such as reading, writing, grammar, and about history. These basic lessons in turn are the stepping stones to help you better discover the world and everything and it has to offer. Now higher education such as modern college is meant to help individuals specialize in certain areas of study, but at the same time helping the student improve on the basic education principles. After going through his basis of education Descartes decided to abandon school due to him feeling in doubt of everything he though once was true. He decided to travel the world and see what he could learn from that. For Descartes the schools provided a basis for his education. He was able to go to one of the best schools of his time, the Jesuit college of La Flà ¨che in Anjou. This assures him some of the best teachers and best access to knowledge. The schools taught him a well-balanced education of reading, writing, grammar,Show MoreRelatedComparison Between Aristotle And Kant1388 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice, and virtues. In this essay there will given facts on virtues between two philosophers who have different views on the topic. Aristotle and Kant have two totally different views on virtue, one being based on the soul and how you character depicts you virtue and the other which is based of the fact that anyone has a chance of being morally good, even bad people. There is a lot of disagreement between Aristotle and Kant, which has examples to back the disagreements. Aristotle takes virtue as an excellenceRead MoreEssay on How Do Virtue and Chance Contribute to Happiness?1283 Words   |  6 PagesVirtue and Chance How do virtue and chance contribute to happiness? Happiness has been subject to debate for centuries. What is happiness? What does happiness consist of? What contributes to happiness? Among many others, Aristotle, Epicurus, and the school of Cyrenaics, prominent ancient Greek philosophers, have greatly contributed that virtue, which is excellence of a certain part, and chance, which consists of any event outside of human control and prediction, may play a role in happinessRead More The Virtue of Discrimination Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Virtue of Discrimination Discrimination is a word that has taken on a negative connotation in todays society. Since the beginning of the equal rights movement, the perceived meaning of the word discrimination has shifted from that of a useful virtue to one of an insulting, derogatory word. Robert Keith Miller wrote an essay for Newsweek in the summer of 1980 that focuses on the discrepancies in the use of the word discrimination. â€Å"Discrimination Is a Virtue† points out the differencesRead MoreMarta Is The Oldest Of Four Children Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesMarta is in fourth grade. She is the oldest of four children. At home, she is often taking on the role of translating for her Latino family. Marta performs excellent in school. She has been labeled as Gifted and Talented, but she is also on an IEP because she is an English Language Learner, considering English is not her first language at home. She is very comfortable in her ELL classrooms and often uncomfortable in her inclusive clas srooms. Her teachers have classified her as talkative but she isRead MoreThe Ethics Of Virtue Ethics1502 Words   |  7 PagesVirtue ethics is a philosophical theory that focuses on what sort of person one should be, instead of on actions. Aristotle focuses greatly on virtue ethics in his writing, and is a strong believer in a moral person being one of virtue. He is seen as the person whodeveloped the theory. Unlike some of the other ethical theories, virtue ethics focuses on what makes a life moral, not so much how to become moral, or behave morally. For example, utilitarianism questions how one should act in certain situationsRead MoreAristotle Of Aristotle : Nicomachean Ethics1487 Words   |  6 Pagesfind yourself at this very moment, there is one ultimately satisfying hope that brings us all together as human-kind, and that is to be happy; to be truly, blissfully happy. Aristotle understood this human condition and developed a wide array of virtues we must seek to follow in o rder to live a more virtuous life and ultimately achieve the human desire for happiness. These are his Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle was born in 384 B.C. in Stagirus, a Greek colony and seaport on the coast of Thrase. HisRead MoreConsequentialism, Non- Consequentialism, Virtue Ethics and Care Ethics1742 Words   |  7 PagesNon- Consequentialism, Virtue Ethics and Care Ethics. When applied to a situation these frameworks help teachers to resolve and justify their decision making. The objective is to apply the four frameworks to the scenario Helping Molly, to establish the most ethical course of action. Finally, a recommended course of action will be justification. The overarching ethical issue present within the Helping Molly scenario is the community sponsorship and the alignment with school beliefs and initiativesRead MoreVirtues Of Happiness Moral Ethics856 Words   |  4 PagesVirtues of Happiness Moral Ethics An individual’s virtue ethics does not depend on the society that they live in, the spirituality that they follow, or their culture/upbringing; but they depend exclusively on the individuals themselves. Aristotle introduced moral ethics theory in his Nicomachean Ethics books. The idea of ethics is questioning long term goals, ‘what sort of person do I want to be’ instead of instantaneous decisions that question ‘what should I do in this situation?’ Virtues areRead MoreConsequentialism Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesa utilitarian perspective a course of action would be organise a meeting with all of the stakeholders involved to discuss the various issues and actions needed to implement effective inclusive classroom practices both within the classroom and the school. Practices would involve curricular and non-curricular activities. This action plan is justified because it reflects the multicultural nature of our globalised society and all stakeholders benefit in the long term. The four sub-categories of non-consequentialismRead MoreAristotle : The Good Life1708 Words   |  7 PagesNicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explores how people should live and concentrates on the individual’s ethical responsibilities. He outlines many different ideas and angles of what he considers the good life. These include the meaning of â€Å"The Good†, Virtues and Friendship. Aristotle was born around 834 B.C. in the town of Stagira in Thrace. He was the son of a physician named Nicomachus. Aristotles’s father died when he was still a child after which he was looked after by Proxenus of Atarneus. At the